curriculum

                 Curriculum

1. Meaning and concept
2. Basic for curriculum formulation/development
3. Process of curriculum development
4. Effective curriculum development
5. Evaluation of curriculum.

              Introdution

• Curriculum is the crux of the whole educational process.

Without curriculum, we cannot conceive any educational

Endeavour

The curriculum in a literal sense ,a pathway towards a

goal.

Curriculum is actually what happens during a course

i.e., lecture , demonstrations, field visits, the work with the

client and so on.

• Curriculum also means a written description of what

happens

> Curriculum is an important element of education. Aims of

education are reflected in the curriculum. In other words, the

curriculum is determined by the aims of life and society.

Aims of life and society are subject to constant change.

> The term curriculum has been derived from a Latin word

'Currere' which means a 'race course' or a runway on which one

runs to reach a goal. If the teacher is the guide, the curriculum is

the path. Curriculum is the total structure of ideas and activities.

                      Definition

• "A course, especially the course of study in a university" –

Dictionary

“All the experiences of pupil which has undertaken in the

guience of the school"-blond's encyclopedia(1969).

• All educational ideas must find expression in curricula before

we can tell whether they are day dreams or contributions to

practice. Many educational ideas are not found wanting

because they cannot be found at all."

• Stenhouse (1980)

• "A curriculum is an attempt to communicate the essential

principles and features of an educational proposal in such a

form that it is open to critical scrutiny and capable of

effective translation into practice."

 All the learning activites which are planned and guided by

the school , whether they are carried out in groups or

individually inside and outside the school'- kerr (1968).

'curriculum is tool in the hand of the artist (teacher) to

mould his material in accordance with his ideals in the

school - Cunningham .

                         Concept of

                        Curriculum

The concept if Curriculum is dynamic as the changes that occur

in society. In its narrow sense, curriculum is viewed merely as

a listing of subject to be taught in school. In a broader sense, it

refers to the total learning experiences of individuals not only

in schools but in soci⬀⬀⬀ety as well. ( Purita P. Bilbo, Ed.D).

                     Three facets of curriculum....

               Goals and purposes of eductaion

Process of Curriculum       Evalutation of products

Curriculum includes course of studies, methods of

teaching extra and co curricular activities in –

addition to the regular programes.

DETERMINANTS OF A
CURRICULUM

• BASIC NEEDS

• SOCIAL ASPECTS

• CULTURAL FACTORS

• INDIVIDUAL TALENTS

• IDEALS: INTELLECTUAL, MORAL.

• RELIGIOUS

. TRADITIONAL

                       

As a minimum, a curriculum should provide a basis for planning a
course. Producing and reviewing curriculum incorporates the
following:
Step 1: Diagnosis of need (What needs to be taught?)
• Step 2: Formulation of objectives (What objectives should be taught?)
Step 3: Selection of content (What information or data will be taught
and where will it come from?)
Step 4: Organization of content
(How will the information be organized? Will it be in a textbook, using
the internet, etc.?)
Step 5: Selection of learning experiences
(What learning experiences /role play, cooperative or team
learning, lecture, etc.) will the instructor incorporate into the subject
taught?)
Step 6: Organization of learning experiences (How will these learning
experiences be organized?)
Step 7: Determination of what to evaluate and of the ways and means
of doing it.
(How will learning be accessed?)


           ORIENTATIONS TO CURRICULUM

                           • child-centered.
                            society-centered.
                        knowledge-centered.

                 CURRICULUM

                DEVELOPMENT

                                   

Curriculum committee

• Curriculum policy maker and developers.

• Curriculum administrators.

• School, College principals.

• Communities.

• Law-maker.

• Educational researchers.

• Teacher educators.

• Publishers.

• Project directors.

Step in curriculum construction
PLANNING

• Planning to determine the need and purposes, identification and analysis of

existing situation has to be done.

• Formulate the philosophy of educational programme.

Constitute a committee for curriculum preparation.

The four C's of curriculum planning.

• Cooperative: programmed prepared jointly by a group of persons will be less

liable to error then one prepared by a single person.

. Continuous: The preparation of a programme is not a one-shot

operation, provision should be made for its continuous revision.

Comprehensive: all the programme components must be defined with the

requisite precision.

. Concrete: general & abstract consideration are not a sufficient basis fr

drawing up a constitute the essential structure of a relevant programme.

Decide the philosophy and policy of the organization

,e.g. student recruitment, type of educational

programme, methods of teaching, group

involved, duration of the period, staffing requirement

,e.g. teaching, supervised clinical practice, teaching-

learning activities, selection of learning experience-

theory and practice.

Developmental phase
Organization and sequencing of:
. Theory

• Practicals.

• Supervised clinical practice.

• Individual student rotation plan.

• Preparation of teaching-learning materials, av aids.

• Curriculum committee, reviews the progress

identifies constraints, assess needs for modification

and formation of the other standing committees for

management of the curriculum.

CURRICULUM DESIGN

• Analysis of social needs

• Translating the needs into

course/general/learning/terminal objectives

• Splitting the objectives into specific objectives

• Grouping the specific objectives into subjects

• Deriving the subjects from the above classification

• Specifying objectives

• Unitising each subject matter

• Specification of required time

• Syllabus formulation

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
CURRICULUM

. Instructional scheme of each subject to be

completed in the semester.

• Planning the lessons as per the timetable

• Using the transactional strategies

• Using the appropriate media

• Providing the learning resources

• Promoting classroom learning experiences

• Progressive testing

CURRICULUM EVALUATION

• Intra-curricular evaluation

• Teacher evaluation of students

• Student evaluation of teachers

Materials evaluation

Verification of methods

Evaluation of tests and examinations

• Checking the learning outcomes while on the field

Curriculum review/improvement/ change/

modification

• System revision